@InCollection{AbduKher:2011:CoPrEq,
               author = "Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Kherani, Esfham Alam",
                title = "Coupling processes in the equatorial spread F / plasma bubble 
                         irregularity development",
            booktitle = "Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere",
            publisher = "Springer",
                 year = "2011",
               editor = "Abdu, M. A. and Pancheva, D.",
                pages = "219--238",
             keywords = "coupling processes, equatorial spread.",
             abstract = "The plasma convection pattern of the evening sector equatorial 
                         ionosphere sets the condition for the plasma structuring through 
                         instability processes leading to the Equatorial Spread F 
                         (ESF)/plasma bubble irregularity development and evolution. 
                         Vertical coupling through upward propagating atmospheric waves 
                         controls/modifies the ionosphere-thermosphere interactive 
                         processes that eventually lead to the irregularity development. 
                         Instabilities grow by the Rayleigh- Taylor mechanism at the bottom 
                         side gradient region of a rapidly rising post sunset F layer in 
                         the presence of precursor conditions in terms of perturbations in 
                         plasma density, convection velocity and polarization electric 
                         fields. Field line integrated conductivity controlled by 
                         thermospheric meridional/trans-equatorial winds regulates the 
                         instability growth. The day-to-day and short term variabilities in 
                         the ESF are of major concern for space application and operational 
                         systems. Our efforts to understand such variabilities and to 
                         predict the ESF occurrence pose important scientific challenges 
                         especially because of the complexity of the diverse coupling 
                         processes that control them. There is convincing new evidences 
                         that during magnetically quiet conditions, the coupling processes 
                         due to upward propagating planetary waves and/or modulated tides, 
                         and gravity waves, with their highly variable propagation 
                         conditions, energy fluxes and periodicities control the ESF 
                         variability. Penetrating electric fields and disturbance dynamo 
                         electric fields from magnetosphereionosphere coupling processes 
                         also cause large degree of variability. This chapter provides a 
                         review of our current understanding of the ESF development 
                         processes and its day-to-day variability originating from the 
                         different coupling processes mentioned above.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                  doi = "10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_23",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_23",
                 isbn = "9789400703254",
                label = "lattes: 4091433441104332 1 BatistaDioSouAbdBai:2011:ThRoOf",
             language = "en",
          seriestitle = "IAGA Special Sopron Book Series, V. 2, Part 4,",
           targetfile = "abdu.pdf",
                  url = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-94-007-0325-4#section=861190\&page=1\&locus=4",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}